Abstract
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN KHARTOUM LOCALITY, SUDAN
Faisal Merghani Ibrahim*, Bashir Mohammed El Hassan, Ahmed Musa Siyam and Gamal Khalid A. Mohamed
ABSTRACT
The fast-growing population in Khartoum Locality of Sudan has resulted in increasing the volume of wastewater generated by domestic, industrial and commercial sectors. This study aimed to assess two wastewater treatment alternatives based on two technologies, stabilization ponds and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), decentralized and centralized wastewater treatment systems to support decision-making for selecting the most suitable and practical alternative for wastewater treatment in Khartoum Locality, as well as to rank the two wastewater treatment technologies based on the following three scenarios: (1) land requirement (2) cost and (3) citizens' opinion about the wastewater treatment system. Software of MapInfo, GPS Area Calculator, BioWin and GIS were used to reach the targets. Results of laboratory analysis showed that the quality of wastewater exceeded environmental limits. Centralized west Soba Plant, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD: 160), 90% of population did not agree to establish a sewage plant in the neighborhood. The cost of centralized system treatment in Khartoum Locality is 155599$. The BioWin results illustrated that the capacity of each alternative is similar in terms of domestic wastewater treatment efficiency. As well results showed that a centralized wastewater treatment system is more suitable than decentralized wastewater treatment systems based on their environmental impacts. These findings provide evidence for decision-makers to select a suitable alternative for wastewater treatment in order to promote access to safe sanitation and sustainable urban wastewater management in Khartoum Locality.
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