World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

*Dr. Suman Kacholia and Dr. Manisha Chauhan

ABSTRACT

The current review's goal is to draw attention to the potential for sustainable crop production in the arid Mediterranean region, which is predicted to experience more frequent and severe droughts in the future due to climate change, along with increased issues with soil salinity and higher temperatures. The area receives between 300 and 1000 mm of annual precipitation, which supports dry, semi-arid, and wet habitats. It is sometimes vital to concentrate on several stresses impacting the crop rather than examining each stress separately since stress elements frequently interact. In the Mediterranean nations, rainfed farming techniques are crucial. The question is whether we can use agronomic techniques to mitigate mild to moderate abiotic pressures. Utilising various crops with higher tolerances for salinity and drought as well as their built-in mechanisms for coping with stress could maximise agricultural yield. Supplemental irrigation, when employed as deficit irrigation, can, nevertheless, compensate for dry spells or hot weather. Improvements in crop output may result from a number of tactics, including early sowing made possible by less tillage, higher use of organic manure, and effective weed management. Crop rotations will also be crucial in enhancing weed control, lowering the risk of disease, and boosting nitrogen availability. High value cash crop products and more resilient crop rotations may come from the introduction of drought- and salt-tolerant crop species like quinoa, amaranth, and Andean lupin. Genotypic changes may result from selection for traits including early vigour, deep roots, greater disease resistance, increased transpiration efficiency, and high assimilate storage and remobilization. To maximise agricultural productivity, a variety of crop and management practises may be combined for a particular target environment. Future decision support systems for crop production at low water availability in the arid Mediterranean region can then employ these combinations as recommendations.

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