World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

Conte Alseny*, M. L. Diallo, Ibrahima Bayo and M. L. Keita

ABSTRACT

Hydroelectric developments have long-term impacts on projectaffectedpeople (PAP), whether they are displaced (physically andeconomically) or hosts. Budgets are provided in environmental andsocial management plans (ESMPs) and resettlement action plans(PAR) to mitigate the impacts of hydroelectric projects on biophysicaland human environments. However, these one-off actions often presenta lack of monitoring and availability of sustainable financing after the first 2 or 3 years ofproject implementation. It is then appropriate to think about sustainable approaches in orderto properly restore the livelihoods of the PAPs in the long term, and thus allow these projectsto support local development in the same way as national development. The problem of damsis a social issue, because it has a direct impact on it. It mobilizes numerous societal actorssuch as governments, local organizations, international non-governmental organizations andmultilateral organizations. The construction of dams gives rise to numerous internationalcontroversies, local problems are now globalized. According to Éric Lambin, “Experienceshows that taking into account the environmental effects of dams from the design stage of theproject can maximize the positive effects and minimize the negative effects both on theenvironment and on neighboring populations. Past experiences can be used to learn frommistakes made and are therefore very useful in building projects today. Vulnerability is thedegree to which a system is susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change, includingclimate variability and its extremes. It depends on the nature, magnitude and rate of climatevariation to which the system considered is exposed, the sensitivity of this system and itscapacity to adapt. In Guinea, one of the characteristics is the very marked contrast between the different natural regions from the point of view of socio-economic conditions, population density, rainfall and hydrological regimes, relief, soil distribution, fauna, flora (Source: PANA, 2007).

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